From:
"Sukie Crandall"
Date: 2006-11-28 06:22:12 UTC
Subject: [ferrethealth] an abstract
To: ferrethealth@yahoogroups.com
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17123459&query_hl=1&itool=
pubmed_docsum>
BEGIN QUOTE
Arch Oral Biol. 2006 Nov 21; [Epub ahead of print] Links
Acetylcholine synthesis, muscarinic receptor subtypes, neuropeptides and secretion of
ferret salivary glands with special reference to the zygomatic gland.
Khosravani N,
Ekman R,
Ekstrom J.
Section of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy
at Goteborg University, Medicinaregatan 15 D, P.O. Box 431, 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden.
Studies on salivary secretion are usually focused on parotid and submandibular glands.
However, the film of mucin, that protects the oral structures and is responsible for the
feeling of oral comfort, is produced by the submucosal glands. The submucosal zygomatic
and molar glands are particularly large in carnivores such as the ferret. Comparisons
between the mucous sublingual, zygomatic and molar glands, serous parotid and sero-
mucous submandibular glands showed the acetylcholine synthesis, in terms of
concentration, to be three to four times higher in the mucous glands than in the parotid
and submandibular glands. Bromoacetylcholine inhibited 95-99% of the synthesis of
acetylcholine in the incubates of the five types of glands, showing the acetylcholine
synthesis to depend on the activity of choline acetyltransferase. The high acetylcholine
synthesis in the zygomatic gland was of nervous origin, since cutting the buccal nerve,
aiming at parasympathetic denervation, and allowing time for nerve degeneration, reduced
the acetylcholine synthesising capacity of the gland by 95%. A similar reduction (96%) in
the parotid gland followed upon the avulsion of the parasympathetic auriculo-temporal
nerve. Zygomatic saliva was very viscous. The salivary flow rate in response to electrical
stimulation (20Hz) of the buccal nerve (zygomatic gland), expressed per gland weight, was
one-third of that to stimulation of the auriculo-temporal nerve (parotid gland) or the
chorda-lingual nerve (submandibular gland). As previously shown for the parotid and
submandibular gland, a certain fraction (25%) of the parasympathetic secretory response
of the zygomatic gland depended on non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic transmission
mechanisms, probably involving substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide and
possibly calcitonin gene-related peptide. Particularly, high concentrations of vasoactive
intestinal peptide were found in the sublingual and molar glands, and of substance P in
the submandibular, zygomatic and molar glands; notably, the concentration of calcitonin
gene-related peptide of the sublingual gland was not detectable. All five muscarinic
receptor subtypes were detected in the five glands. The receptor protein profile, as judged
by immunoblotting and semi-quantitative estimations, was about the same in the glands:
high level of M3, low level of M2 and levels roughly in the same range of M1, M4 and M5.
Compared to the parotid and submandibular glands, the M5 receptor level was particularly
low in the mucin-secreting glands. The present study points out both similarities and
dissimilarities between the five types of glands investigated. The zygomatic gland, in
particular, appears to be a suitable model for future studies aiming at causing relief of dry
mouth by local pharmacological treatment.
PMID: 17123459 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
END QUOTE
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