From:
Sukie Crandall
Date: 2007-10-13 21:59:02 UTC
Subject: [ferrethealth] Re: Post-op gall bladder
To: ferrethealth@yahoogroups.com
http://ferrethealth.org/archive/SG9940
http://ferrethealth.org/archive/SG6445
I could not find anything more afield directly addressing your
question but found some things that might help a bit when
taken together.
At least one consulting veterinarian (who is employed by MSPCA
and the associated Angell Animal Hospital) who also has a PhD
in nutrition can be contacted through
http://www.mspca.org/site/PageServer?pagename=3Dnutrition_Team
and
http://www.petdiets.com
Sample generic recipes for healthy animals there:
http://www.mspca.org/site/PageServer?
pagename=3Dlatestnews_GenericPetFoodRecipes
and
http://www.petdiets.com/default.asp?Menu=3DLibrary&PageName=3D/Library/
category.asp
USDA lists of ferret nutrition studies:
http://nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/Ferrets06/feed_nutrit_metab.htm
earlier ones:
http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/ferrets/feeding.htm
still earlier:
http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/oldbib/ferretla.htm
Recent human work indicates that bile helps reduce infections
in the small intestine, a problem ferrets already have, so extra
caution to avoid sources of GI infection might make sense.
Not much out there which I could find specifically on the gall
bladder and ferrets, and they are old:
> Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Mar 23;713:401-3.
> Links
> CCK-8 contracts the gallbladder and colon through different=20
> mechanisms in the ferret.
>
> Mitan S, Greenwood B.
> Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis,=20
> Indiana 46285.
> PMID: 8185202 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
> J Comp Pathol. 1987 Sep;97(5):601-4.
>
> Links
> Cystic mucinous hyperplasia in the gallbladder of a ferret.
>
> Reindel JF, Evans MG.
> Department of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing=20
> 48824-1316.
> An 8-year-old male ferret had icterus, hepatomegaly and an enlarged=20
> gallbladder.
> Microscopically, the gallbladder had numerous mucinous cysts and=20
> papillary hyperplasia
> of the mucosa, consistent with a diagnosis of cystic mucinous=20
> hyperplasia. No previous
> published reports of this condition in ferrets were found.
> PMID: 3680648 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
> Pain. 1982 Jun;13(2):137-51.
> Links
> Afferent activity evoked by natural stimulation of the biliary=20
> system in the ferret.
>
> Cervero F.
> A technique for the natural stimulation of the biliary system which=20
> permits the distinction
> between noxious and innocuous intensities of stimulation has been=20
> developed in the ferret.
> Male ferrets anaesthetized with urethane have been used. Controlled=20
> distensions of the biliary
> system were produced and the nociceptive nature of the stimulus was=20
> ascertained by reflex
> increases in blood pressure. Levels of biliary pressure that did=20
> not evoke changes in blood
> pressure were considered innocuous. Using this approach electrical=20
> activity has been recorded
> from biliary afferents. Thirty-two recordings were obtained. Twenty-
> one were of afferents that
> could be excited by innocuous levels of biliary pressure (low=20
> threshold afferents) and 10
> recordings were of afferents excited only by noxious stimulation of=20
> the biliary system (high
> threshold afferents). One fibre could not be activated by changes=20
> in biliary pressure. Twenty-seven
> receptive fields were located: 12 in the gallbladder and 15 in the=20
> biliary ducts. The relevance of high
> threshold biliary receptors to visceral nociception is discussed.
> PMID: 7122106 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
> Acta Anat (Basel). 1977;97(2):121-31.
> Links
> Gross and microscopic anatomy of the biliary tract of the ferret.
>
> Poddar S.
> The gross and microscopic anatomy of the biliary tract of the=20
> ferret was studied. The liver consisted of six separate lobes. The=20
> coronary ligament was not present. Histologically, it was very=20
> similar to that of man. The gall-bladder was present and was a pear-
> shaped sac. Its muscle coat was very thick and well developed.=20
> Hepatic ducts were multiple. Minor hepatic ducts formed three major=20
> ducts, the left, central and the right. A single common hepatic=20
> duct was not present. The cystic duct generally arose from the=20
> central duct. The bile duct was formed by the union of three major=20
> hepatic ducts. The pancrease consisted of two limbs, the left and=20
> the right. Each limb was drained by a duct which joined and formed=20
> a short main pancreatic duct. An accessory pancreatic duct=20
> extending from the duct of the left limb of the pancreas was=20
> usually present. The main pancreatic duct joined the bile duct=20
> nearly at right angles prior to the entry into the duodenum. Both=20
> ducts entered through the same osteum and coursed together. They=20
> ended in a common ampulla which opened into the major duodenal=20
> papilla situated at about 2.75 cm from the pylorus. The sphincter=20
> of Oddi was present and was very similar in disposition to that of=20
> man. The sphincter choledochus (of Boyden) was well developed. An=20
> accessory pancreatic duct was usually present. It opened into the=20
> duodenum at a minor papilla which was not prominent. The minor=20
> papilla was situated proximal and medial to the major papilla. Mast=20
> cells were not seen in the connective tissue sheaths of the liver,=20
> gall-bladder and pancreas.
> PMID: 848264 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Going more afield by searching under
mustela gall bladder
finds the following (not all of which have abstracts on file there):
> Vet Rec. 2005 Jul 9;157(2):49-52.
>
> Links
> Comment in:
> Vet Rec. 2006 Jan 14;158(2):69.
> Cholecystitis in otters (Lutra lutra) and mink (Mustela vison)=20
> caused by the fluke Pseudamphistomum truncatum.
>
> Simpson VR, Gibbons LM, Khalil LF, Williams JL.
> Wildlife Veterinary Investigation Centre, Chacewater, Truro,=20
> Cornwall TR4 8PB.
> Between 1988 and 2004, postmortem examinations were carried out on=20
> 445 otters found dead, mostly as a result of road traffic=20
> accidents, in southern and south-west England. Thickened, shrunken=20
> gall bladders were observed in 10 cases, the first in 2000 and the=20
> others between February 2002 and August 2004. A digenean fluke,=20
> Pseudamphistomum truncatum, was found in the gall bladders of three=20
> cases and also in three of seven American mink examined. Nine of=20
> the 10 otters and all the mink came from a localised area of=20
> Somerset, indicating that the fluke has become established in the=20
> local fish population. P. truncatum has not been recorded=20
> previously in Britain, and the results suggest that it has been=20
> introduced recently, possibly in imported fish.
> PMID: 16006641 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Full text for subscribers:
http://veterinaryrecord.bvapublications.com/cgi/reprint/157/2/49?
view=3Dlong&pmid=3D16006641
> Arch Vet Pol. 1994;34(1-2):127-31.
> Skeletotopy of the gall bladder in American mink (Mustela vision=20
> (Brisson, 1756)).
>
> Go=C5=9Bcicka D, Flisi=C5=84ski P.
> Department of Anatomy, Medical Academy, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
> Using anatomical and radiological methods, the projection of the=20
> gall bladder was studied in relation to the vertebral column in=20
> fifty adult minks of both sexes. The gall bladder was found to be=20
> in three positions when in relation to: 1) the longitudinal axis of=20
> the vertebral column, 2) the numerical order of the vertebrae.
> PMID: 8590900 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
> J Toxicol Environ Health. 1982 Sep;10(3):459-71.
> Links
> Feeding supplemental iodine to mink: reproductive and=20
> histopathologic effects.
>
> Jones RE, Aulerich RJ, Ringer RK.
> Adult mink were fed various concentrations of supplemental iodine,=20
> ranging from 10 to 320 ppm, for 1 or 7 mo before breeding. Long-
> term, low-level (10-20 ppm) iodine supplementation was beneficial=20
> for both reproduction and lactation. Supplemental iodine in excess=20
> of 80 ppm, however, resulted in a reduction in the number of=20
> females that whelped, a decrease in litter size, and an increase in=20
> kit mortality. Thyroid glands of kits whelped and nursed by dams=20
> fed more than 20 ppm supplemental iodine, both short-term and long-
> term, showed hypertrophy marked by follicular cell hyperplasia and=20
> a decreased amount of colloid. Similar histopathologic lesions were=20
> observed in the thyroids of adults that received 80 ppm or more=20
> supplemental iodine; also observed were numerous lesions in the=20
> gallbladder.
> PMID: 7175974 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
> J Hyg (Lond). 1974 Feb;72(1):71-8.
> Links
> The prevalence of salmonellas in mink.
>
> Williams DR, Bellhouse R.
> PMID: 4593742 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Some of the ferret gall bladder articles found later:
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/ngem/1998/00000010/00000001/
art00083
> Presence of putative neurotransmitters in the myenteric plexus of=20
> the gastrointestinal tract and in the musculature of the urinary=20
> bladder of the ferret
http://www.springerlink.com/content/g3534x6740343152/
Campylobacter jejuni
Sukie (not a vet)
Recommended ferret health links:
http://pets.groups.yahoo.com/group/ferrethealth/
http://ferrethealth.org/archive/
http://www.afip.org/ferrets/index.html
http://www.miamiferret.org/fhc/
http://www.ferretcongress.org/
http://www.trifl.org/index.shtml
http://homepage.mac.com/sukie/sukiesferretlinks.html
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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