From:
Sukie Crandall
Date: 2009-08-01 15:16:22 UTC
Subject: [ferrethealth] Re: distemper photos and GIVE THEM VITAMIN A
To: fhl <ferrethealth@yahoogroups.com>, xxxxxxxx <xx@xxxxxxxx.xxx>, Ferret Mailing List <ferret-l@LISTSERV.FERRETMAILINGLIST.ORG>
It is also important to recall that ferrets can vary in
how long past a year they can continue to have what
may be decent titer levels in response to canine distemper
vaccinations, but with possible exposures, yes, it makes
sense for such individuals to be revaccinated.
If there were high enough titer levels to begin with then
exposed ferrets may get sick but they may survive.
There are some unexpected factors that can influence
canine distemper titer levels in animals studied:
QUOTED SEGMENTS ENCLOSED BELOW
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008 Jun 1;232(11):1669-73. Links
Assessment of serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus,=20
canine adenovirus type II, and canine parvovirus in Alaskan sled dogs=20
before and after a long-distance race.
Banse HE, McKenzie EC, Nelson S, Hinchcliff KW.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary=20
Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine serum antibody titers against canine distemper=20
virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type II (CAV-2), and canine parvovirus=20
(CPV) in trained sled dogs prior to and after completion of a long-
distance race. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 195 Alaskan=20
sled dogs (from 18 kennels) that participated in the 2006 Iditarod=20
Trail Race. PROCEDURES: All 1,323 dogs participating in the race had=20
been vaccinated against the 3 viruses at 19 to 286 days prior to=20
initial blood sample collection (obtained within the month preceding=20
the race). Within 12 hours of race completion, blood samples were=20
collected from 195 dogs (convenience sample) and matched with each=20
dog's prerace sample. Serum antibody titers (90% confidence intervals=20
[CIs]) were determined via serum neutralization assays. RESULTS: After=20
racing, geometric mean titers against CDV and CPV were significantly=20
higher (2,495 [90% CI, 321 to 16,384] and 6,323 [90% CI, 512 to=20
32,768], respectively) than prerace values (82 [90% CI, 11 to 362] and=20
166 [90% CI, 32 to 1,024], respectively). Sixty-one of 194 (31.4%)=20
dogs had > or =3D 4-fold increases in anti-CPV antibody titers after=20
racing. Prerace serum antibody titers against CDV, CPV, and CAV-2=20
varied significantly by sled team but were not associated with time=20
since vaccination. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Postrace=20
increases in serum anti-CDV and anti-CPV antibody titer might reflect=20
exposure of dogs to these agents immediately before or during racing.=20
Dogs had no clinical signs of CDV-, CAV-2-, or CPV-associated disease;=20
therefore, the clinical importance of these titer changes is uncertain.
PMID: 18518808
---
Vet Ther. 2005 Spring;6(1):43-56.Links
The role of supplementary dietary antioxidants on immune response in=20
puppies.
Khoo C, Cunnick J, Friesen K, Gross KL, Wedekind K, Jewell DE.
Hill's Pet Nutrition Inc, PO Box 1658, Topeka, KS 66601-1658, USA.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of=20
supplementary antioxidants (AOX) and whey protein on the immune=20
function health of puppies. Four groups of 10 puppies were fed a=20
control and 3 different test foods (control + antioxidants (AOX),=20
control + AOX + 1% whey protein, and a grocery brand (low AOX)) for 6=20
weeks. A standard vaccination protocol with a combination canine=20
parvovirus (CPV) and distemper (CDV) vaccine was carried out at 2 and=20
4 weeks. The results showed that animals on high AOX foods had=20
significantly increased titers, memory cells and serum E=20
concentrations compared to the control and groc groups respectively.
PMID: 15906269
---
Vaccine. 2004 Jan 26;22(5-6):650-4. Links
Early DNA vaccination of puppies against canine distemper in the=20
presence of maternally derived immunity.
Griot C, Moser C, Cherpillod P, Bruckner L, Wittek R, Zurbriggen A,=20
Zurbriggen R.
Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Swiss Federal Veterinary=20
Office, PO Box 17, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelh=E4usern,=20
Switzerland.
Canine distemper (CD) is a disease in carnivores caused by CD virus=20
(CDV), a member of the morbillivirus genus. It still is a threat to=20
the carnivore and ferret population. The currently used modified=20
attenuated live vaccines have several drawbacks of which lack of=20
appropriate protection from severe infection is the most outstanding=20
one. In addition, puppies up to the age of 6-8 weeks cannot be=20
immunized efficiently due to the presence of maternal antibodies. In=20
this study, a DNA prime modified live vaccine boost strategy was=20
investigated in puppies in order to determine if vaccinated neonatal=20
dogs induce a neutralizing immune response which is supposed to=20
protect animals from a CDV challenge. Furthermore, a single DNA=20
vaccination of puppies, 14 days after birth and in the presence of=20
high titers of CDV neutralizing maternal antibodies, induced a clear=20
and significant priming effect observed as early as 3 days after the=20
subsequent booster with a conventional CDV vaccine. It was shown that=20
the priming effect develops faster and to higher titers in puppies=20
preimmunized with DNA 14 days after birth than in those vaccinated 28=20
days after birth. Our results demonstrate that despite the presence of=20
maternal antibodies puppies can be vaccinated using the CDV DNA=20
vaccine, and that this vaccination has a clear priming effect leading=20
to a solid immune response after a booster with a conventional CDV=20
vaccine.
PMID: 14741156
---
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2004 Jan;97(1-2):77-85. Links
Effect of age on immune parameters and the immune response of dogs to=20
vaccines: a cross-sectional study.
HogenEsch H, Thompson S, Dunham A, Ceddia M, Hayek M.
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Purdue University, Veterinary=20
Pathology Building, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN=20
47907-2027, USA.hogenesch@purdue.edu
The evaluation of anti-aging intervention strategies in dogs would=20
benefit from reliable quantitative biomarkers of aging. In the present=20
study, the expression of various immune parameters was measured in=20
young and old dogs to identify potential biomarkers of aging. The=20
second goal of the study was to determine the effect of age on the=20
immune response to vaccines. The immune function, including the=20
antibody response to vaccines, was determined in 32 young adult=20
(3.15+/-0.8 years of age) and 33 old dogs (12.1+/-1.3 years of age) of=20
various breeds. Old dogs had a significantly lower lymphocyte=20
proliferative response and a lower percentage of CD4+ T cells and CD45R
+/CD4+ T cells, and a higher percentage of CD8+ T cells and a higher=20
concentration of serum and salivary IgA. The most significant=20
differences (P<0.001) occurred in the lymphocyte proliferative=20
responses to ConA and PHA, the CD4:CD8 ratio, and the percentage of=20
CD45R+/CD4+ T cells suggesting that these parameters are potential=20
biomarkers of aging. There was no difference in the percentage of=20
total T and B lymphocytes and the concentration of serum IgM and IgG.=20
Both groups of dogs had protective titers against distemper virus,=20
parvovirus and rabies virus before annual revaccination. The pre-
vaccination titer against rabies virus was higher in the old dogs than=20
in the young dogs, and there were no differences in post-vaccination=20
titers against any of the viruses. This suggests that annual=20
vaccination protocols provide adequate protection for old dogs.
PMID: 14700539
---
Am J Vet Res. 2002 Apr;63(4):491-4.Links
Influence of long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide on=20
antibody production in dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus.
Mueller RS, Fieseler KV, Bettenay SV, Rosychuk RA.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and=20
Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of long-term treatment with=20
tetracycline and niacinamide on antibody production in dogs by=20
measuring postvaccinal serum concentrations of antibodies against=20
canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus. ANIMALS: 10 dogs=20
receiving long-term treatment with tetracycline and niacinamide=20
(treatment group) and 10 healthy dogs (control group). PROCEDURE: The=20
treatment group included 9 dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus and 1=20
dog with pemphigus foliaceus on long-term treatment (> 12 months) with=20
tetracycline and niacinamide. The control group included 10 healthy=20
dogs with no clinical signs of disease and no administered medications=20
for the past 3 months. Blood samples were obtained from all dogs by=20
jugular venipuncture. Serum antibody titers against canine parvovirus=20
and canine distemper virus antigens were measured, using=20
hemaglutination inhibition and serum neutralization, respectively, and=20
compared between groups. RESULTS: A significant difference in antibody=20
titers between treatment- and control-group dogs was not found. All=20
dogs had protective antibody titers against canine distemper virus,=20
and 8 of 10 dogs from each group had protective titers against canine=20
parvovirus infection. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results=20
provide evidence that long-term treatment with tetracycline and=20
niacinamide does not interfere with routine vaccinations and thus does=20
not seem to influence antibody production in dogs.
PMID: 11939308
---
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001 Nov 1;219(9):1238-41.Links
Association between cancer chemotherapy and canine distemper virus,=20
canine parvovirus, and rabies virus antibody titers in tumor-bearing=20
dogs.
Henry CJ, McCaw DL, Brock KV, Stoker AM, Tyler JW, Tate DJ,=20
Higginbotham ML.
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary=20
Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between cancer chemotherapy=20
and serum canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV), and=20
rabies virus antibody titers in tumor-bearing dogs. DESIGN:=20
Prospective study. ANIMALS: 21 client-owned dogs with various=20
malignancies and 16 client-owned dogs with lymphoma. PROCEDURE: In=20
study A, serum antibody titers were measured by use of=20
hemagglutination inhibition (CPV titers) or serum neutralization (CDV=20
titers) before and at least 1 month after initiation of chemotherapy.=20
Baseline values were compared with values obtained from a control=20
population of 122 healthy dogs seen for routine revaccination. Titers=20
were considered protective at > or =3D 1:96 for CDV and > or =3D 1:80 for =
CPV. In study B, serum IgG titers were measured by use of=20
immunofluorescent assay (CDV and CPV titers) and rapid fluorescent=20
focus inhibition test (RFFIT, rabies titers) at baseline and again at=20
weeks 5, 8, and 24 of a standard chemotherapy protocol for treatment=20
of lymphoma. An IgG titer of > or =3D 1:50 was considered protective for =
CPV and CDV. An RFFIT titer of > or =3D 0.5 U/ml was considered=20
protective for rabies virus. RESULTS: Significant changes were not=20
detected in CDV, CPV, and rabies virus titers following chemotherapy=20
in tumor-bearing dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results=20
suggest that established immunity to CDV, CPV, and rabies virus from=20
previous vaccination is not significantly compromised by standard=20
chemotherapy used to treat tumor-bearing dogs.
PMID: 11697366
------------------------------------
Yahoo! Groups Links
<*> To visit your group on the web, go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ferrethealth/
<*> Your email settings:
Individual Email | Traditional
<*> To change settings online go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ferrethealth/join
(Yahoo! ID required)
<*> To change settings via email:
mailto:ferrethealth-digest@yahoogroups.com
mailto:ferrethealth-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com
<*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
ferrethealth-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
<*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to:
http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/